Likewise, the scientist and mathematician Galileo Galilei investigated one natural law after another. He also created pioneering studies of human anatomy. Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci created detailed scientific “studies” of objects ranging from flying machines to submarines. As a result, many Renaissance intellectuals focused on trying to define and understand the laws of nature and the physical world. It also encouraged people to use experimentation and observation to solve earthly problems. Humanism encouraged people to be curious and to question received wisdom (particularly that of the medieval Church). However, many of the scientific, artistic and cultural achievements of the so-called Renaissance do share common themes, most notably the humanistic belief that man was the center of his own universe.
In fact, the Renaissance (in Italy and in other parts of Europe) was considerably more complicated than that: For one thing, in many ways the period we call the Renaissance was not so different from the era that preceded it. This was the birth of the period now known as the Renaissance.įor centuries, scholars have agreed that the Italian Renaissance (another word for “rebirth”) happened just that way: that between the 14th century and the 17th century, a new, modern way of thinking about the world and man’s place in it replaced an old, backward one. The barbarous, unenlightened “ Middle Ages” were over, they said the new age would be a “rinascità” (“rebirth”) of learning and literature, art and culture.
Toward the end of the 14th century A.D., a handful of Italian thinkers declared that they were living in a new age.
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